Combining opioids with other central nervous system depressants, especially common benzodiazepines (“benzos”) like Valium, Xanax, and Klonopin, significantly elevates the risk of life-threatening overdose. This dangerous interaction is a critical concern, given that benzodiazepines are frequently prescribed for anxiety and insomnia. It’s essential to understand why mixing these substances is so hazardous.
Benzodiazepines, commonly referred to as “benzos,” are a class of prescription sedatives that include drugs like diazepam (Valium), alprazolam (Xanax), and clonazepam (Klonopin). These medications work by enhancing the effects of GABA, a neurotransmitter that calms brain activity. While effective for treating anxiety and sleep disorders, their sedative properties become dangerous when combined with opioids.
Data from 2021 reveals that nearly 14% of opioid overdose deaths also involved benzodiazepines. This statistic underscores the serious consequences of polysubstance use involving these drugs. Furthermore, researchers have detected benzodiazepines in the illicit opioid supply, suggesting that individuals may unknowingly be consuming these dangerous combinations.
The danger arises because both opioids and benzodiazepines depress the central nervous system. This combined depressant effect can lead to severely slowed breathing, a primary cause of overdose fatalities. Concurrent use of opioids and benzos not only increases the risk of overdose but also elevates the likelihood of emergency room visits and hospitalizations for drug-related emergencies. Studies have consistently demonstrated this heightened risk. For instance, research in North Carolina indicated that the overdose death rate was ten times higher in patients receiving both opioids and benzodiazepines compared to those only on opioids. Similarly, a study of US veterans found a dose-dependent increase in overdose death risk associated with benzodiazepine prescriptions among opioid users.
Recognizing this significant danger, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines for opioid prescribing emphasize caution when considering prescribing benzodiazepines alongside opioids. The guidelines recommend carefully weighing the benefits against the risks in such cases. Adding to the gravity of the situation, both prescription opioids and benzodiazepines now carry “boxed warnings” from the FDA, highlighting the serious risks of using these drugs in combination.
It is crucial for anyone prescribed these or any medications to inform their healthcare providers about all substances they are using. Open communication with healthcare teams is vital to manage and mitigate the risks associated with combining medications and substances, particularly the potentially lethal combination of Common Benzos and opioids.
